O coração de um mamífero voador
características únicas e compartilhadas da anatomia cardíaca do morcego frugívoro Artibeus lituratus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vi91.46Palavras-chave:
Anatomia do coração, Anatomia funcional, Morcegos, Quirópteros, StenodermatinaeResumo
A capacidade do voo verdadeiro e a grande diversidade da ordem Chiroptera podem levantar questões sobre a morfologia e funcionalidade do coração dos morcegos. Aqui objetivamos descrever aspectos anatômicos do coração do grande morcego das frutas, Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomidae, Stenodermatinae) e suas características funcionais. Vinte e cinco indivíduos tiveram seus corações dissecados e descritos. Descobrimos que o coração de A. lituratus compartilha aspectos gerais tanto do coração de mamíferos quanto os característicos dos quirópteros, como a veia cava anterior bilateral, o cone pulmonar volumoso, o seio das veias cavas desenvolvido, a válvula da veia cava posterior e os músculos papilares ligados à parede septal do ventrículo direito. Algumas características parecem específicas da espécie, como as estruturas membranosas anômalas encontradas no ventrículo direito de alguns indivíduos, nunca antes vistas em outros mamíferos, e também a presença da válvula Thebesiana. Algumas das características encontradas podem estar relacionadas a adaptações ao voo, como um conjunto desenvolvido de ligamentos pericardiais. Este conjunto complexo de ligamentos nunca foi descrito antes para outro mamífero, esses provavelmente atuam mantendo o coração em posição e enquanto o morcego descansa de cabeça para baixo. Os ligamentos pericardiais apresentam infiltrações de gordura branca, que juntamente com os depósitos presentes na superfície do coração, possivelmente atuam como reservas de energia para o músculo cardíaco. Neste trabalho, sugerimos que a presença de duas veias cavas anteriores tem a função de otimizar o fluxo sanguíneo que retorna ao coração.
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