Técnicas para o estudo da musculatura em pequenos mamíferos
dissecção clássica e cálculo da área de secção transversal fisiológica (PCSA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vie92.111Palabras clave:
Anatomia, Dissecção, Miologia, Morfologia, MusculaturaResumen
A dissecção possibilita o conhecimento de características anatômicas e funcionais dos diferentes grupamentos musculares, e constitui uma das técnicas clássicas que permitem entender a forma e função dos mamíferos. A adição de novas técnicas à dissecção fornece mais informações em que funções podem ser estimadas. Os locais de origem e inserção, os tamanhos e arquitetura interna (da fibra) dos músculos podem corresponder ao desempenho de comportamentos, especialmente quando diferentes ou especializados. A capacidade dos músculos de se estender, de produzir força, ou quão rápido se contraem, está associada à arquitetura de fibra. As fibras musculares estão organizadas nos fascículos e o arranjamento dos fascículos dentro do músculo influencia seu comprimento e a quantidade. Quanto maior o número de fibras no músculo, maior a sua capacidade de produção de força. A área de secção transversal fisiológica (PCSA, sigla baseada no termo em inglês) é uma medida proporcional à força muscular pois representa a quantidade de fibras. Nosso objetivo aqui, é apresentar métodos acessíveis associados a dissecção muscular clássica para medição dos fascículos musculares e estimativa da PCSA. Com isso e a possibilidade de amostragens amplas em coleções e museus científicos, ou mesmo na recepção de novos espécimes que podem representar oportunidades únicas, esperamos aumentar o interesse em explorar os músculos através de uma combinação de estimativas que contribuem para a compreensão da evolução morfológica e funcional da musculatura dos mamíferos.
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