Técnicas e avanços na identificação de cromossomos de mamíferos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vie92.116Palavras-chave:
Bandeamentos cromossômicos, Citogenética, Citotaxonomia, Coloração convencionalResumo
A citogenética, por meio do estudo do cariótipo, com suas características como número diploide (2n), morfologia cromossômica dos autossomos (número fundamental - NF) e sistema sexual, constitui-se em uma importante ferramenta que pode auxiliar no esclarecimento das relações filogenéticas e no status taxonômico de vários táxons, recebendo o nome de citotaxonomia. Além da coloração convencional existem várias técnicas clássicas de bandeamentos cromossômicos, como os bandeamentos GTG, CBG e Ag-RONs, que auxiliam nas comparações entre espécies na busca de homologias e no entendimento da estrutura e composição dos cromossomos. Problemas sistemáticos e taxonômicos, além da estrutura, função e comportamento dos cromossomos foram elucidados em alguns grupos de mamíferos por meio desses bandeamentos. Neste estudo, apresentamos os procedimentos de preparações cromossômicas diretas de medula óssea e de sangue periférico empregados no campo e no laboratório para a obtenção de células mitóticas metafásicas em suspensão. Descrevemos também as principais técnicas de coloração convencional e bandeamentos cromossômicos para análise dos cariótipos de mamíferos.
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